Trumpet

Yamaha YTR 2330

(Recommended)

Current Street Price with an Educational Discount: $ 699
The YTR 2330 is Yamaha's student trumpet.
They have done an amazing job getting this trumpet light weight and beautifully playable.
I don't recommend my students buy anything new cheaper than this trumpet.
Of all the makes and models of student trumpet I have played, this one is consistent, reliable, sturdy and last very well. The valves last much better than other similar models from competitors. 

My students who begin on the YTR 2330, practice hard and develop good technique, typically are ready to move onto a better trumpet in 2-3 years time. See the YTR 3335 below for an outline of the advantages of upgrading.

The other big plus for this model is it's resale value.
A good condition YTR2330, professionally serviced, will usually bring $400+ on the second hand market.

If this is still out of your budget range, I'd recommend looking second hand. 
The only issue is, you really need a professional trumpet teacher or player to look at and play the instrument. If you aren't careful,  the $200+ you saved buying second hand, you'll turn around and spend in servicing and repairs. Buying second hand is risky and sometimes you end up completely wasting your money.

Yamaha Cornet YCR 2330III

Current Street Price with an Educational Discount: $ 1,095
Recommended for smaller students, the Cornet is less tiring to hold up. It has a warmer, sweater tone.

Yamaha YTR 3335

(Highly REcommended)

Current Street Price with an Educational Discount: $ 899
The YTR 3335 is an Intermediate Trumpet.
It is a significant upgrade from the YTR 2330, well worth the extra investment.
I have found students who begin on this trumpet, progress faster and their tone develops more quickly than students beginning on the 2330. (Assuming similar practice routines)

Compared to the YTR 2330 and other student model trumpets, the YTR 3335 offer the following benefits:
1) Tone and Projection - parents often state, they "won't be able to hear any real difference, right?" I then proceed to do an A-B comparison for them, playing both one after the other. The difference is real and anyone can hear it. Yes they look very similar, but the difference is real. You get what you pay for.
2) Dynamic Range - the YTR 3335 will play both louder and softer more easily and with better tone and resonance.
3) Slotting - the term Brass players use to describe how easy it is to accurately hit notes up and down the range. Think of it like the sweet spot on a tennis racket. 

The YTR 3335 will also last a student much longer as the student is less limited by the instrument. Some students will play an Intermediate trumpet such as this right through High School.

Schagerl Academica 610

(Highly Recommended - Upgrade)

Current Street Price: $ 899
Made in Austria, the Schagerl Academica is listed as a student model trumpet.
However, I feel that's kind of like saying "an entry model Mercedes Benz".
Honestly, this is the best trumpet I've played for less than $2.5 - 4K.
I feel this trumpet out plays many of the professional level trumpets including the Yamaha YTR 6 series.
For Jazz, I like it more than my Bach Stradivarius. 

I love the way this trumpet can be played for Classical or Jazz styles. It's remarkable versatile.
When you let rip, it sizzles and cuts like a jazz lead trumpet, when you back off it gets gorgeous and mellow.
Beyond this price point, professional trumpets tend to become more specialised to one or the other.
So unless you have your heart squarely fixed a specific genre, or wish to spend $4K for a Bach Strad, Schilke or the like, I feel the Schagerl 610 is very much worth a play.

SECOND HAND

Please read my guide to buying second hand.
Fully serviced and from a reputable second hand source, in great condition, you can expect to pay around:

Yamaha  YTR-2330 $ 450
Yamaha YTR-1335 $ 420 (previous model - the 2330 is a big upgrade, if you can find a 2330 it is definitely worth it)
Bach TR-300 $ 450